TY - JOUR AB - Mixed industrial palm oil (MIPO) is proposed in this study as a renewable and agro-industrial raw material to produce biodiesel fuel. MIPO was obtained by mixing of acidic crude palm oil with sludge palm oil. Due to the high level of free fatty acid (FFA) in MIPO (8.5 %), esterification is needed to remove the acidity to the minimum level before biodiesel production. This is the first time 1-propanesulphonic acid (1-PSA) has been introduced as a catalyst for the pretreatment of MIPO. Using optimum conditions, the FFA content was successfully reduced from 8.5 % to less than 1 %. The biodiesel produced meets the international standards (ASTM D6751 and EN 14214). 1-PSA is therefore a promising catalyst that can be used to treat various types of acidic oils. AD - Univ Malaya, UMCiL, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia AN - WOS:000350051300039 AU - Hayyan, A. AU - Hashim, M. A. AU - Hayyan, M. DA - Mar DO - 10.1007/s12155-014-9502-0 IS - 1 J2 - Bioenerg Res KW - 1-propanesulphonic acid LA - English N1 - Cc0ua PY - 2015 SN - 1939-1234 SP - 459-463 ST - Application of a Novel Catalyst in the Esterification of Mixed Industrial Palm Oil for Biodiesel Production T2 - Bioenergy Research TI - Application of a Novel Catalyst in the Esterification of Mixed Industrial Palm Oil for Biodiesel Production UR - ://WOS:000350051300039 VL - 8 ID - 11298 ER -