TY - JOUR AB - Production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) via the transesterification of different vegetable oils and methanol with a limestone-derived heterogeneous catalyst was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor at 65 degrees C and ambient pressure. This heterogeneous catalyst, as a 1 or 2 mm cross-sectional diameter extrudate, was prepared via a wet mixing of thermally treated limestone with Mg and Al compounds as binders and with or without hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as a plasticizer, followed by calcination at 800 degrees C. The physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized by various techniques. Palm kernel oil, palm oil, palm olein oil and waste cooking oil could be used as the feedstocks but the FFA and water content must be limited. The extrudate catalyst prepared with the HEC addition exhibited an enhanced formation of FAME due to an increased porosity and basicity of the catalyst. The FAME yield was increased with the methanol/oil molar ratio. The effect of addition of methyl esters as co-solvents on the FAME production was investigated. The structural and compositional change of the catalysts spent in different reaction conditions indicated that deactivation was mainly due to a deposition of glycerol and FFA (if present). The FAME yield of 94.1 wt.% was stably achieved over 1500 min by using the present fixed-bed system. (C) 2013 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. AD - Chulalongkorn Univ Patumwan, Fac Sci, Fuels Res Ctr, Dept Chem Technol, Bangkok 10330, Thailand AN - WOS:000337775100072 AU - Ketcong, A. AU - Meechan, W. AU - Naree, T. AU - Seneevong, I. AU - Winitsorn, A. AU - Butnark, S. AU - Ngamcharussrivichai, C. DA - Jul 25 DO - 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.08.014 IS - 4 J2 - J Ind Eng Chem KW - biodiesel LA - English N1 - Aj6bq PY - 2014 SN - 1226-086x SP - 1665-1671 ST - Production of fatty acid methyl esters over a limestone-derived heterogeneous catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor T2 - Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry TI - Production of fatty acid methyl esters over a limestone-derived heterogeneous catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor UR - ://WOS:000337775100072 VL - 20 ID - 17000 ER -