TY - JOUR AB - Waste animal bones was employed as a cost effective catalyst for the transesterification of palm oil. The catalyst was calcined at different temperatures to transform the calcium phosphate in the bones to hydroxyapatite and 800 degrees C was found to give the best yield of biodiesel. The catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). Under the optimal reaction conditions of 20 wt.% of catalyst, 1:18 oil to methanol molar ratio, 200 rpm of stirring of reactants and at a temperature of 65 degrees C, the methyl ester conversion was 96.78% and it was achieved in 4 h. The catalyst performed equally well as the laboratory-grade CaO. Animal bone is therefore a useful raw material for the production of a cheap catalyst for transesterification. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. AD - Karunya Univ, Dept Chem, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India AN - WOS:000305595400078 AU - Obadiah, A. AU - Swaroopa, G. A. AU - Kumar, S. V. AU - Jeganathan, K. R. AU - Ramasubbu, A. DA - Jul DO - 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.112 J2 - Bioresource Technol KW - animal bone LA - English N1 - 963bp PY - 2012 SN - 0960-8524 SP - 512-516 ST - Biodiesel production from Palm oil using calcined waste animal bone as catalyst T2 - Bioresource Technology TI - Biodiesel production from Palm oil using calcined waste animal bone as catalyst UR - ://WOS:000305595400078 VL - 116 ID - 7944 ER -